Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study was designed to assess the gradual increase in the use of insecticides on vegetables and to familiarize the consumers regarding the... 相似文献
Pakistan is an agricultural country and due to the shortage of clean water, most of the irrigated area (32,500 ha) of Pakistan was supplied with wastewater (0.876?×?109 m3/year). Concentrations of heavy metals in radish (Raphanus sativus) and turnip (Brassica rapa) taken from vegetable fields in Sargodha, Pakistan, were measured. Untreated wastewater was used persistently for a long time to irrigate these vegetable fields. A control site was selected that had a history of fresh groundwater irrigation. Mean metal concentrations were found for irrigation water, soil, and vegetables. In irrigation water, concentrations of Mo and Pb at three sites and Se at sites II and III were higher than the recommended limits. In vegetables, concentrations of Mo and Pb were above the maximum permissible limits. High bioconcentration factor was observed for Zn (12.61 in R. sativus and 11.72 in B. rapa) at site I and high pollution load index was found for Pb (3.89 in R. sativus and 3.87 in B. rapa) at site II. The differences in metal concentrations found in samples depended upon different soil nature and assimilation capacities of vegetables at different sites which in turn depended upon different environmental cues. The entrance of metal and metalloids to human body may happen through different pathways; however, the food chain is the chief route through which metals are transferred from vegetables to individuals. Health risk index observed for metals, (Mo, As, Ni, Cu, and Pb) higher than 1 indicated high risk through consumption of these vegetables at three sites.
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The rapid population growth has rendered the centralized sewerage systems a non-realistic option in sparsely populated areas, particularly in... 相似文献
Environment, Development and Sustainability - In this work, a new model is developed to determine optimum sustainable economic order quantity (EOQ) and economic production quantity (EPQ) values for... 相似文献
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The prior empirical research focuses on examining only the procyclical impact of innovation on carbon emissions (CO2e), in the majority of cases, for... 相似文献
Brachiomonas submarina Bohlin (Chlorophyceae), a euryhaline marine flagellate, can osmoregulate over a wide range of external salinity. The alga exhibits maximum water content at 100% artificial seawater (ASW), and shows only a small water loss (<15%) when salinity is increased to 300% ASW. The non-aqueous volume of the cells is increased at salinities higher than 100% ASW. This is partially attributable to the accumulation of glycerol. Glycerol is the major osmoregulatory organic solute in this flagellate. The alga also shows an accumulation of amino acids in response to increased salinity. The contribution of glycerol and amino acids to intracellular osmolarity is only 9% at 10% ASW, but accounts for 49% at 300% ASW. The remainder of the osmotic balance is due to uptake and accumulation of inorganic ions, particularly sodium, potassium and chloride. 相似文献
The present studies on the age-specific life table of red cotton stainer
suggest that the eggs and the initial immature stages are the most suceptible ones and a control measure if inflicted upon these, it might fetch the maximum result with the minimum usage of hazardous poisonous chemicals. 相似文献
The aims of this study were to explore the status of pollution and the temporal/spatial distribution of indoor and outdoor dust-Pb in the city of Kerman (SE Iran), located in a dry playa and arid climatic zone. Flat panes were laid at appropriate locations, in the indoor and the outdoor spaces of selected one-story houses in different areas of the city, to collect dust samples. Forty-two samples were taken and analyzed using the ICP-MS method. The measurements have shown that the outdoor dust-Pb concentrations varied from 23.7 to 275.2?mg kg?1, with a mean value of 71.8?mg kg?1, and indoor dust-Pb concentrations ranged from 47.6 to 150.2?mg kg?1, with a mean value of 89.6?mg kg?1. Based on these measurements, Pb was enriched in the outdoor and the indoor dust samples up to 48.8 and 29.4 times, respectively. Dilution, as a result of prevalence of geogenic dust in the outdoor space, is expected to be the main cause of the temporal differences. This study has shown that the eastern part of the city is more polluted compared to the other parts, and, because of the stable air conditions, the concentration of Pb in the summer dust is higher than the other seasons. 相似文献